Under the enfeoffment system, the emperor gave power to his close relatives or high officials. The debate was over the respective merits of the enfeoffment system (fengjian) over the prefecture and county system (junxian) as a basic structure for administering the empire. This paper attempts an overview of an issue in statecraft that Chinese scholars debated for more than two and a half millennia. It also argues that the application of substantive legal rules by judges for the decision of litigation was a more important phenomenon than Millon supposed and that legal rules were also regularly invoked and applied in the preliminary pleading in cases and thereby shaped and determined the issues which went for jury decision. It demonstrates from evidence drawn from plea rolls and mainly manuscript law reports the degree of judicial control over juries exercised within the courtroom and the way in which jury verdicts were considered, and not just accepted, by courts. This paper challenges this pessimistic conclusion, at least for the period around 1300. Older kindreds with more branches had more chances for survival and further social and economic rise.ĭavid Millon argued in a 1989 article that medieval and early modern legal historians had been beguiled into supposing that civil litigation in these periods was decided in accordance with the ‘official’ legal doctrine found in law reports, plea roll arguments and Inns of Court readings when in reality their outcome was generally determined by juries exercising their own normative discretion in. Especially vulnerable were families with young children living all together in households.

Although there are contrary examples, it seems that smaller and younger kindreds were more endangered as well as the old, already more demographically weakened ones. These can be complemented by data from testaments and contemporary Venetian sources. More detailed insight in the losses of nine noble families (the Senzaeo, the Detrico, the Botono, the Cande, the Sloraddo, the Soppe, the Saladini, the Rosa, the Drechia, the Bogde/the Lovrehna) was made possible by judicial proceedings. There are attempts, based on preserved sources, to estimate human losses, especially the losses suffered by the Zaratin nobility in this period, as well as to validate in what way their social status in the city was influenced afterwards. The consequences of Black Death were less considered in the historiography although, according by the preserved judicial proceedings, they were much stronger than it was earlier supposed. The city of Zadar suffered heavy demographic losses during the Venetian siege in 1345/1346 as well as afterwards when many citizens were taken as hostages to Venice or banned from the territories under Venetian jurisdiction. stoljeću, donosi i nova saznanja koja upotpunjuju postojeću sliku o događanjima tijekom mletačke opsade grada, posebno o ulozi mletačkih zapovjednika i stranih plaćenika u planiranju i izvođenju ratnih djelovanja. Osim što zapisnik potvrđuje postojeće spoznaje o kaznenopravnoj povijesti Zadra u 14.

Sadržajnom analizom zapisnika utvrđeni su pravni i vojno-politički aspekt teksta koji određuju vrijednost ovoga dokumenta. Osim vanjskih karakteristika prijepisa, u članku se istražuje i sadržaj zapisnika radi utvrđivanja istinitosti zapisanih podataka i njihove korelacije sa sličnim podacima iz ostalih izvora istoga razdoblja (vremenska i prostorna rekonstrukcija). Prijepis ovoga zapisnika potvrđuje i da se spomenuti registar još uvijek nalazio u Zadru u 18.

S obzirom na to da je zapisnik prepisan iz izgubljenoga registra kaznenih predmeta ( Quaternus criminalium ) za srednjovjekovni Zadar, taj je dokument i jedino pisano svjedočanstvo o zadarskom kaznenopravnom sustavu i sudskoj praksi u prvoj polovini 14. Zapisnik svjedoči o provedenoj istrazi zadarskoga kaznenog suda protiv firentinskoga plemića Uguiccionea Dellosti, optuženog za tajni dogovor s Mlečanima o zauzeću Zadra tijekom posljednje faze mletačko-zadarskoga rata. U arhivskom fondu Obitelj Fanfogna-Garagnin Državnoga arhiva u Splitu među spisima zadarske plemićke obitelji Fanfogna nalazi se zapisnik o inkvizicijskom sudskom postupku iz rujna 1346., sačuvan u prijepisu iz 18.

Nervus belli pecunia infinita